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		<title>http://www.health-gradient.eu</title>
		<link>http://www.health-gradient.eu</link>
		<copyright>Copyright 2012 http://www.health-gradient.eu</copyright>
		<lastBuildDate>1/02/2012 14:48:39</lastBuildDate>
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			<title>http://www.health-gradient.eu</title>
			<url>http://www.health-gradient.eu/GRADIENT/favicon.ico</url>
			<link>http://www.health-gradient.eu</link>
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			<title>The Gradient Evaluation Framework (GEF) now available online</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;As a core part of the project, GEF has been developed as a European action-oriented policy tool to guide and inform technical experts in public health working at the Member State level. Linked directly to the policy cycle, GEF is designed to assist those involved in the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies that aim to reduce health inequalities and level-up the gradient in health and its social determinants among children, young people and their families.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The GEF has been published by the University of Brighton under the direction of Prof John Kennet Davies and Dr Nigel Sherriff and is now available online &amp;nbsp;on the GRADIENT website.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.health-gradient.eu/GRADIENT/EN/about%5Fgradient/gef/&quot;&gt;Click here for more information and to download the GEF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>1/02/2012</pubDate>
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			<title>How can the health equity impact of universal policies be evaluated?</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;Because universal policies are usually applied to whole populations, and are often complex in nature with long causal chains, this precludes a true experimental design, and other approaches to evaluation are required. This report presents arguments and case studies from an expert group meeting convened to clarify the importance and challenges of evaluating universal policies, and to outline potential approaches to assessing the impact of universal policies on health inequities. &lt;br /&gt;The report also identifies key research and policy questions that need evaluating as a matter of priority, and sets the agenda for partnership working to develop these methods further.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://bit.ly/slZJz1&quot;&gt;Here available on line&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>26/01/2012</pubDate>
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			<title>Poverty endangers child health before birth</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Experts in epigenetics &amp;ndash; which explores how someone&amp;rsquo;s environment and lifestyle choices can influence their genetic code, and that of their children &amp;ndash; studied a samples of 239 people from the most deprived and the most affluent areas of Glasgow.&lt;br /&gt;Results suggest that factors experienced by expectant mothers in areas of deprivation cause &amp;ldquo;bugs&amp;rdquo; to develop in the DNA of embryos, which make them more likely to develop diseases at early age when they become adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.scotsman.com/news/scottish-news/edinburgh-east-fife/babies_born_into_poverty_are_damaged_forever_before_birth_1_2072713&quot;&gt;Read more&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>24/01/2012</pubDate>
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			<title>Launch of the European Website of Healthy Aging</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;On January 17th 2012 in the context of the European Year of Healthy AgingEuroHealthNet launches its new website: www.healthyageing.eu.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This website is dedicated to raising awareness of healthy ageing within the context of the European Year of Healthy Aging 2012, especially the important role health promotion plays during the whole lifespan, in contributing to a healthier, more active EU population for the future. The new website will highlight key factors such as, promoting healthy diets, physical activities, social relations and meaningful activities necessary for ageing healthily throughout a person&amp;rsquo;s life.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information click here&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>18/01/2012</pubDate>
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			<title>EFCNI launched the Call to Action for Newborn Health in the European Parliament</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;EFCNI alongside Dr. Angelika Niebler (MEP) and Dr. Peter Liese (MEP) launched the Call to Action for Newborn Health, on Tuesday 22 November and Wednesday 23 November 2011 in Brussels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Call to Action is based on the recommendations from Caring for Tomorrow: EFCNI White Paper on Maternal and Newborn Health and Aftercare Services in Europe, which has also been presented on this occasion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.efcni.org/index.php?id=961&amp;amp;tx_ttnews[tt_news]=1037&amp;amp;cHash=43e95e66e6b84539ac1a3aac678792a4&quot;&gt;Read more about the event...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The document recognizes that European Union and its Member States should address health inequalities between Member States and within the countries themselves in order to ensure equitable, comprehensive, high-quality and patient- centred care in the pre-conceptional, maternal and perinatal setting. Clearly, an additionally important element in this is determined at delivery; in particular, the interconnection between preterm delivery and social inequalities. Concerted and coordinated action is required to improve and harmonise the care of women and their unborn children in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.efcni.org/index.php?id=1888&amp;amp;L=0&amp;amp;no_cache=1&amp;amp;sword_list[]=tomorrow&quot;&gt;Go to White Paper...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>23/11/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Launch of the European Portal for Action on Health Inequalities</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;On the 14th of November 2011 the European Portal for Action on Health Inequalities &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.health-inequalities.eu/&quot;&gt;www.health-inequalities.eu &lt;/a&gt;has been launched. The new website is an exhaustive source of information on health inequalities at EU, national and regional level, on social determinants of health and on Health in All Policies. It aims to provide visitors with practical and useful information and to give them opportunities to promote their own work.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>14/11/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>UNICEF UK report examines children’s well-being in UK, Sweden and Spain</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;This research paints a complex picture of the relationship between well-being, materialism and inequality across Spain, Sweden and the UK. Children want time with their parents, good relationships with their friends and lots of stimulating things to do, according to the report&amp;rsquo;s findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the UK, however, the research shows parents struggling to find time to be with their children or to help them participate in sporting and creative activities and as a substitute feeling forced to purchase consumer goods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consumer goods play a multi-faceted role in children&amp;rsquo;s lives &amp;ndash; sometimes positive and sometimes negative &amp;ndash; and there is no doubt that status technology and clothing brands do play their part in generating or highlighting social divisions amongst children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whilst researchers witnessed all of these dynamics in Spain and Sweden, the pressure to consume appears much less and the resilience much greater than in the UK.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;View report &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publications/IPSOS_UNICEF_ChildWellBeingreport.pdf&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>29/09/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>An Equal Start - Why Gender Matters for Child Survival and Maternal Health</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Save the Children has recently published a report which focuses on the huge ramifications of gender inequality and, notably, shows a clear correlation between the power and status of women in society, the state of their health and the mortality of their children. The launch event will focus on these three areas embracing the impact and influence of the EU and marrying it with experience and insight from the field. The round table discussion will provide an opportunity to share ideas and recommendations for future action, focusing on the role of the EU and its partners in combating discrimination against women and girls and in their empowerment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/content/library/documents/equal-start-why-gender-equality-matters-child-survival-and-maternal-health&quot;&gt;Read more&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>29/09/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Contribute to the Intergroup on Youth debate!</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The Intergroup on Youth brings together a number of MEPs interested in working on issues pertaining to youth. Previous sessions of the intergroup have focused on youth unemployment, early school leaving and health inequalities and youth. EuroHealthNet is meeting the vice-chair for the intergroup, Eider Gardiaz&amp;aacute;bal Rubial MEP, in August to discuss the intergroup&amp;rsquo;s work plan for 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you have suggestions for future areas of work for the intergroup, please contact &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;mailto: j.considine@eurohealthnet.eu &quot;&gt;John Considine &lt;/a&gt;or &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;mailto:s.yghemonos@eurohealthnet.eu&quot;&gt;Stecy Yghemonos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;from the Policy and Advocacy team at EuroHealthNet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More information about the intergroup can be found &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/intergroupes/List_VII_LEG_19_Youth.pdf&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>28/07/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>HBSC Scotland 2011</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit of the University of&amp;nbsp;Edinburgh&amp;nbsp;has recently published the results of the 6th wave of the Scottish Health behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Report. Despite several improvements still 9% of the adolescents reported low SES and&amp;nbsp;poor family affluence. Only 51% of young people&amp;nbsp;always feel&amp;nbsp;safe in their local area and only one third eat fruit and vegetables daily.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.education.ed.ac.uk/cahru/publications&quot;&gt;For the full report&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>14/07/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Poverty affects the brain development</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Children growing up in poverty have much poorer brain development and cognitive development than children growing up in not-poor environments. Research in neuroscience shows that interventions to train self-control and attention in low SES children and parent skills training for their parents are mostly effective to level up the gap.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_3_179/ai_n56855746/&quot;&gt;to read more on this issue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>13/07/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Tackling early school leaving</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The European Council reached political agreement on the recommendation regarding policies to reduce early school leaving, which seeks to promote progress towards the Europe 2020 headline target of reducing school drop-out rates to less than 10% by 2020 (as compared with 14.4% in 2009).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5913012&quot;&gt;To read more on this issue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>11/07/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Literature review on Benefits of a Maternity / Parental Leave in the EU-27</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The European parliament has published a literature review on Benefits of a Maternity / Parental Leave and the relevant benefits through which welfare states provide support to families to contribute to social reproduction, to guarantee a good start in life for children, to protect children&amp;rsquo;s and mothers&amp;rsquo; wellbeing and more recently to address current demographic and economic problems and help families to achieve work/family balance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies/download.do?language=en&amp;amp;file=40995&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;For more information on this review&lt;/a&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>5/07/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Draft Council conclusions</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;On the 24th of May the Council of the European Union has published a draft of conclusions addressing child poverty and the promotion of child health and well-being. The Council stresses that this issue requires a comprehensive approach and the use of adequate financial and human resources. The member states have to bear in mind that child poverty can only be tackled when also the conditions of the parents and family are addressed. Access to education, healthcare services and social services has to be ensured together with strategies that support parents&amp;rsquo; income and employment. The Member States are invited to combat child poverty and promote child well-being across all policies, and at all levels. The most important key factor is to improve early childhood education and care. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To more information, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://register.consilium.europa.eu&quot; title=&quot;Council conslusions&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>27/05/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Strengthening Family Policies within the EU Social Policy Agenda</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;On the 1st of April 2011, an informal meeting of Ministers of demography and family policy issues was held in G&amp;ouml;d&amp;ouml;ll&amp;ouml;, Hungary. This meeting brought forward the commitment of taking the family perspective into account when formulation and developing EU social policies, by Poland and the trio presidency of Spain, Hungary and Belgium. They will concentrate on the impact of family life and work on the demography. Moreover, the main priorities will be on children&amp;rsquo;s rights, gender equality, and tackling poverty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://coface-eu.org/en/upload/PRESS/COFACE_Press_Release_1304011_Trio%20Presidency%20Legacy_EN.pdf &quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>12/05/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>3rd EU Day of Solidarity </title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;On the 29th of April a conference, Towards the European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations (EY2012), was held in Brussels. This conference was concerned with the recommendations and objectives on how to realize a society for all ages and how to empower the older generations in the labor market.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To read more, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.age-platform.eu/en/age-policy-work/solidarity-between-generations/lastest-news &quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>12/05/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Education reforms in the EU</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The European Commission will publish an analytical report on the progress of Member States towards the achievement of the shared European objectives in education and training. The report will entail data and information on the performance of the countries, compared with the average level, and on how the EU education systems go about innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the information and to read the background report of 2009, &lt;a href=&quot;http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/1816&amp;amp;format=HTML&amp;amp;aged=0&amp;amp;language=EN&amp;amp;guiLanguage=fr &quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>12/05/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Doing better for Families</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has published a report on the importance of policies for families. Families are essential in population solidarity and play a major role in sustaining a healthy economy. A positive change is noticeable in life expectancy, mortality rates and the quality of life. This publication looks at the policy concerned with the change and support of families.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information on this book, click &lt;a href=&quot;http://bit.ly/iDT06q &quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>29/04/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>HEALTH INEQUALITIES: ENGAGEMENT IN HEALTH WHAT CAN BE DONE AT LOCAL LEVEL</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HEALTH INEQUALITIES:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;ENGAGEMENT IN HEALTH&lt;br /&gt;WHAT CAN BE DONE AT LOCAL LEVEL?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;THE CONFERENCE IS HELD IN BUDAPEST AND ORGANIZED BY THE HUNGARIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH DEVELOPMENT AND THE FRIEDRICH EBERT FOUNDATION DATE OF CONFERENCE: &lt;u&gt;12th of May, 2011&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To register for the conference, please send an e-mail by 6th May 2011 to the following address: &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:regisztracio@oefi.antsz.hu?subject=Registration%20Conference&quot; title=&quot;regisztracio@oefi.antsz.hu&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;regisztracio@oefi.antsz.hu&amp;nbsp; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>21/04/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>European Public Health Conference 2011</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;EUPHA, ASPHER and the Danish Society of Public Health (DSOPH) will organise the 4th European Public Health conference on the 10th-12th November 2011, at the Bella Centre, in Copenhagen. This conference will concern Public Health and Welfare - Welfare Development and Health. Some, workshops, presentations and moderated poster sessions will be organised in this frame. The 4th EPH Conference seeks to improve public health in Europe by creating possibilities for information exchange as well as a platform for debates between health professionals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information visit:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.eupha.org/site/upcoming_conference.php &quot;&gt;http://www.eupha.org/site/upcoming_conference.php &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>22/02/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>European Year of the Family</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The European Conference for families was held in Brussels on 14th-15th October 2010. Derived from the conference, the Confederation of Family Organisations in the European Union (COFACE) announced 2014 to be the European Year for the Family. This goes in line with the 20th anniversary of the International Year of the Family.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more details visit:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;&quot; coface-eu.org=&quot;&quot; en=&quot;&quot; upload=&quot;&quot; press=&quot;&quot; _blank=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;&quot;&gt;http://coface-eu.org/en/upload/PRESS/COFACEPressrelease%2018.10.10%20EU%20Family%20Conference%20en.pdf&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>22/02/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>The European Commission calls for universal access to pre-school education</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;For the first time, the Commission launches an action plan aimed at giving every child a better start in life and to lay the foundations for successful lifelong learning, social integration, personal development and employability later in life. The European Commission&amp;rsquo;s communication on &amp;ldquo;Early childhood education and care: providing all our children with the best start for the world of tomorrow&amp;quot; includes a call for universal access to quality pre-school education, will also contribute to two of the headline targets of the Commission&amp;#39;s &amp;#39;Europe 2020&amp;#39; strategy &amp;ndash; reducing the share of early school leavers to under 10% and to lift at least 20 million people out of the risk of poverty and social exclusion. Compulsory education starts at the age of 5 or 6 in most Member States, though earlier in Cyprus, Luxembourg and Northern Ireland in the UK. The level of services provided for young children up to the start of compulsory education varies considerably across Europe in terms of funding, governance and staffing policies. The European Commission&amp;#39;s proposals come in response to a request from Member States in May 2009, following their adoption of the Strategic Framework for Cooperation in Education and Training, to measure and analyse progress across the EU in improving access to early childhood education and care and to identify best practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Commission&amp;#39;s proposals call for: &lt;br /&gt;- Universal access to quality pre-school education, based on stable funding and good governance; &lt;br /&gt;- An integrated approach to education and care, taking account of children&amp;#39;s needs in a holistic way;&lt;br /&gt;- Age-appropriate curricula with the right balance of hard and soft skills;&lt;br /&gt;- More focus on the professionalization of staff with appropriate qualifications, salaries and working conditions;&lt;br /&gt;- Quality assurance systems and standards to monitor progress.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Communication from the European Commission is available at:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ec.europa.eu/education/school-education/doc/childhoodcom_en.pdf &quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://ec.europa.eu/education/school-education/doc/childhoodcom_en.pdf &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Further information can be found on the Strategic framework for education and training at:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelong-learning-policy/doc28_en.htm &quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelong-learning-policy/doc28_en.htm &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>22/02/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>The EU Agenda</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;A new EU agenda focusing on the rights of the child has been set by the European Commission. The principles of the European Charter of fundamental rights will be translated into actions that will add value to policies concerned with children&amp;rsquo;s health and safety. Moreover, actions are directed to children&amp;rsquo;s rights awareness, safer online technologies for the children, and promoting child friendly justice. Furthermore, an EU portal will be created which outlines children&amp;rsquo;s rights and EU policies in an easy to comprehend manner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information visit: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ec.europa.eu/justice/policies/children/policies_children_intro_en.htm &quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://ec.europa.eu/justice/policies/children/policies_children_intro_en.htm &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>22/02/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Demographic change and the family in Europe</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;In January 2011, the FAMILYPLATFORM published their third online journal: Demographic change and the family in Europe. Moreover, demographic changes generate challenges to the society as a whole, to individuals and their families and to politicians. This journal is focused on the recent developments with regard to demographic changes and considers their impact on the families living in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More information can be found at:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.familyplatform.eu &quot;&gt;http://www.familyplatform.eu &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>22/02/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Britain&amp;#39;s widening social and health inequalities among children</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;In February 2010, the Marmot Review Team published Fair Society, Healthy Lives. This was the culmination of a yearlong independent review into health inequalities in England. The review proposes the most effective evidence-based strategies for reducing health inequalities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The new report shows that an alarming 44% of all five-year-olds in England do not reach a &amp;quot;good level&amp;quot; of behaviour and understanding. Evidence shows a big health gap opening up within richer and deprived areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information on the Marmot Review please visit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.marmotreview.org/&quot;&gt;http://www.marmotreview.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>11/02/2011</pubDate>
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			<title>Children Left Behind</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The Unicef Innocenti Research Centre has released Report Card 9, &amp;lsquo;Children Left Behind&amp;rsquo;, which covers inequalities in the well-being of children in the 24 most developed countries in the world. Each country is examined on three aspects affecting children&amp;rsquo;s well-being; material well-being, education and health. Each country is evaluated and ranked on these aspects and given an overall score in an overview of the data collected. The report can be used to highlight areas of success and areas for improvement in individual countries. Throughout the report Unicef raises the question of: &amp;ldquo;How far behind are children being allowed to fall?&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.unicef.org.uk/Latest/Video-and-audio/Children-left-behind/&quot;&gt;To view the Unicef media clip on children left behind click here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publications/rc9.pdf&quot;&gt;Click here to view the full report&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>7/12/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Childcare for Equality</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The British Equality and Human Rights Commission have released an extensive report on childcare. The report outlines barriers and the inequalities in attaining the benefits of childcare. A pilot study, undertaken in disadvantaged areas which extended the amount of free hours available of quality childcare for two year old children, showed an improvement in parent-child relationships and the children&amp;rsquo;s vocabulary.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cost and quality of childcare were two barriers that were identified. Families living in areas with higher deprivation and single mothers were among those who were most affected by these barriers. While attempts have been made to make childcare more accessible to low income families and specific ethnic groups,&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;increase in the utilization of childcare has been minimal. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information on this report please visit the website of the &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/news/2010/november/commission-launches-comprehensive-report-on-childcare/&quot;&gt;Equality and Human Rights Commission&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>29/11/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>The Scandal of Child Poverty in Europe</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Escaping poverty and breaking the cycle of&amp;nbsp;deprivation is an uphill battle for families, including children, parents and grandparents that is become ever more difficult. Since the onset of the global financial crisis, child poverty has taken a turn for the worst. Today there are 19 million European children living in poverty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The documentary exemplifies child poverty in Europe by reporting on the situation in Bulgaria and Ireland. Interviews with Jana Hainsworth, Eurochild Secretary General and Dani Koleva, Eurochild member from the National Network of Children in Bulgaria are included in the documentary. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.endchildpoverty.eu/&quot;&gt;Click here to join Eurochild&amp;rsquo;s Campaign Against Child Poverty.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more information and to view the video visit the &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.euronews.net/2010/10/22/the-scandal-of-child-poverty-in-europe/&quot;&gt;EURONEWS website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>18/11/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Conclusions from the latest Eurochild conference </title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;On November the 3-5 in &amp;Ouml;rebro, Sweden approximately 180 participants from 26 countries attended the annual Eurochild conference &amp;ldquo;Brighter futures - Building effective partnerships to end child poverty&amp;rdquo;. Aagje Ieven, Research and Knowledge Development Coordinator at EuroHealthNet, chaired the discussion on &amp;acute;Integrating migrants through early childhood care and education - from pilot to policy&amp;acute; and partook in the panel debate &amp;acute;Added value of EU action on child poverty&amp;acute;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The conference resulted in three recommendations each for the European Union, Member States as well as Eurochild and its members to reduce child poverty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information please visit the &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.eurochild.org/index.php?id=394&amp;amp;L=0&amp;amp;tx_ttnews[pS]=1289090719&amp;amp;tx_ttnews[tt_news]=336&amp;amp;tx_ttnews[backPid]=287&amp;amp;cHash=4a1ea0cdf9c87ccee3e6d9422fccabfc&quot;&gt;Eurochild website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>8/11/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>End Child Poverty Now! </title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Ending child poverty is a key issue in addressing health inequalities for children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eurochild is collecting petitions in order to motivate European political leaders to end child poverty through:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; Setting clear targets to reduce child poverty&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; Producing an annual scoreboard on child well-being&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; Improving data collection and reporting on children&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; Showing what works and helping member states improve their policy and practice through mutual learning and exchange&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; Working together across all policy areas that influence child well-being&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The adoption of a Recommendation on Child Poverty and Well-being including these actions is being requested. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information please visit the &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.endchildpoverty.eu/&quot;&gt;Eurochild website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>15/10/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Increasing Social inclusion in and through Education</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The conference focused on the reduction of poverty, inequalities and social exclusion; three known determinants in improving health equity. Due to the fact that a lower level of education increases the risk of poverty by four times, education and training can be used to reduce inequalities in society and in levels of health. Over 200 people attended the conference, including researchers, experts, policy makers, training and educational providers as well as members of civil society.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A life course perspective on importance of education from preschool to higher education and vocational training was addressed at the conference. Suggestions such as cooperation across Europe for the sharing of good practices and identifying common challenges resulted from the conference. Results from the conference will be incorporated by the Belgian Presidency in a debate on equity in November.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More information can be found at &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.education2010.be/en/calendar/social-inclusion/&quot;&gt;Education 2010&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>15/10/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>European surveillance of child obesity</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Child obesity in Europe is being monitored in a standardized study by the European offices of the World Health Organization in order to further develop policy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The participating countries are:&lt;br /&gt;Belgium,&amp;nbsp;Bulgaria,&amp;nbsp;Cyprus,&amp;nbsp;Czech Republic,&amp;nbsp;Greece,&amp;nbsp;Hungary,&amp;nbsp;Ireland,&amp;nbsp;Italy,&amp;nbsp;Latvia,&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Lithuania,&amp;nbsp;Malta,&amp;nbsp;Norway, Portugal,&amp;nbsp;Slovenia,&amp;nbsp;Spain,&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Sweden and&amp;nbsp;The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Effective policy for preventing child obesity can protect children from poor health and social exclusion now and in the future. In order to develop policy, accurate information on the levels and the distribution of overweight and obese children is needed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first period of data collection occurred in the fall of 2007 and has been followed up with further data collections at regular intervals to monitor trends. The study will also enable comparison of obesity development among children in Europe.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The preliminary results, presented at the II Wold Congress of Public Health Nutrition, of the surveillance project show that 24% of children between six and nine years of age are overweight or obese. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More information can be found at the &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.euro.who.int/en/what-we-do/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/policy/member-states-action-networks/childhood-obesity-surveillance/european-childhood-obesity-surveillance-initiative-cosi-first-standardized,-european-wide-surveillance-systems-for-nutrition-policy-development&quot;&gt;World Health Organization webpage on Nutrition&lt;/a&gt; and on the &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://test.cp.euro.who.int/document/Nut/Factsheet_5.pdf&quot;&gt;Factsheet for the European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>1/10/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Reducing Child Poverty in the EU</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;On the 2nd and 3rd of September the conference &amp;ldquo;Who Cares? Roadmap for a Recommendation to fight child poverty&amp;rdquo; was held by the Belgian Presidency of the European Union in cooperation with Eurochild, the King Baudouin Foundation and UNICEF. One of the Belgian Presidency&amp;rsquo;s priorities is to work towards reducing child poverty. The conference was developed to raise awareness concerning child poverty and to inspire policy makers in Member States to find solutions to reduce child poverty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reducing child poverty is an important issue for all European Member States since children run a higher risk for poverty than the rest of the population. Motivation for action is based on stopping the continuous cycle of poverty perpetuated through families and to prevent the lifelong consequences of poverty for children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The discussions of the conference were centered on:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; Ensuring adequate resources&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; Guaranteeing access to quality services&lt;br /&gt;&amp;bull; Ensuring active participation and inclusion of children and young people&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The conference resulted in a declaration to fight child poverty which was signed by the Belgian Secretary of State for scial integration and combating poverty; Philippe Courard, Juan Carlos Mato Gomez representing the Spanish Ministry of Health and Social Policy; as well as Zolt&amp;aacute;n Balog from the Hungarian Secretary of State in charge of child poverty. This declaration is significant for the future development of a Recommendation in 2011. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More information can be found on the &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.eurochild.org/index.php?id=208&amp;amp;tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=675&amp;amp;tx_ttnews%5bbackPid%5d=185&amp;amp;cHash=3bf15e3fe639fc51bb8836e8b2fcebae&quot;&gt;Eurochild website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can join Eurochild&amp;rsquo;s campaign to end child poverty &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.endchildpoverty.eu/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>30/09/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>IUHPE World Conference</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;From Sunday 11th till Thursday 15th July the IUHPE World Conference on Health Promotion took place in Geneva. The purpose of this event was to bring together leading professionals from all around the world to take stock of the state of knowledge and experiences, bring forward future challenges and shape the agenda advance developments in health promotion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the conference the Gradient project was presented under the title: &amp;acute;Tackling the Gradient in Health amongst Children and Families: Analysis of Evidence and Policies&amp;acute;. The session was chaired by Caroline Costongs and coordinated by Aagje Ieven.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Presentations were given by: &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Aagje Ieven (EuroHealthNet, project coordinator): An EU perspective on the health gradient amongst children and their families.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Elisabeth Fosse (University of Bergen, WP 5 leader): Tackling the gradient in different political contexts. A comparative case study in four countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Veerle Stevens (VIGeZ, WP 4 co-leader): Alternative policy measures to tackle the gradient. Systematic review of social capital as a protective factor in children&amp;rsquo;s &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Annemiek Dorgelo (NIGZ, WP 3): Causes for differential impact of public health policies amongst children in different SES. Literature review.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;John K. Davies (University of Brighton, WP 2 leader): Tackling the gradient: a review of health policy evaluation frameworks.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All the presentations can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.health-gradient.eu/GRADIENT/EN/publications/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;More information on the conference can be found on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iuhpeconference.net/pages/overview/index.php&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>11/08/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Centre for Excellence in Educational Opportunities</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;At the world Expo 2010 ( Shangai) the University of Liverpool&amp;rsquo;s Centre for Excellence in Educational Opportunities will be launched by Professor Sir Howard Newby. The Centre will be a focus for international networking, sharing of expertise and the exchange of knowledge and ideas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Across the world there are streets where 8/10 young people go to university, there are also neighbourhoods where it is less than 8/100. Historical, socio, economic, cultural and educational factors, all play significant and defining roles in the life chances of communities with low progression to higher education. These factors are also the reasons why an individual is more likely/least likely to engage with post secondary education. Innovative ways of promoting the availability of higher education to young people from all backgrounds will be the core of the Centre&amp;#39;s work. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Education is an important determinant of health, it enables people to make the most of their capacities and to get control over their lives. Improving the accessibility of higher education for young people from all backgrounds can therefore contribute to the reduction of health inequalities. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More information can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.liv.ac.uk/shanghai-expo/events/professor-fluffy.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>12/07/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Child Ambassadors will warn the EU about the danger of ignoring child poverty</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;On 11-16 July, 33 young people from 9 European countries will gather in Brussels to discuss and present how children in their countries experience poverty and social exclusion. Together they will develop some common messages on what can and should be done by decision-makers to ensure that every child has equal chances in life and is not marginalized by social or economic disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These messages will be presented to representatives of different EU institutions: members of the European Parliament, the European Commission, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Fundamental Rights Agency. The kids will also have the chance to work on the best ways to present and communicate their messages through film, animation or graphic design.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On Thursday 15th July, the kids will meet with Philippe Courard, Secretary of State for Social Integration and the Fight Against Poverty in Belgium, which currently carries the Presidency of the European Union. The Belgian Presidency has committed to put the fight against child poverty at the heart of their Presidency agenda. The children should provide some good ideas on how this fight can be won.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The event is part of the 2010 European Year against poverty and social exclusion. It is organized by Eurochild, an European umbrella network of organizations promoting the rights and welfare of children. Eurochild is leading a campaign &amp;lsquo;End Child Poverty&amp;rsquo; which aims to gather signatures and messages, particularly from children and young people themselves, to be presented at the end of the year to EU leaders, to demand that leaders &amp;lsquo;do everything possible to end child poverty now&amp;rsquo;. In the words of Lavinia, a 25 year old from Spain, &amp;ldquo;Stop poverty now. Tomorrow can be too late!&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The children&amp;rsquo;s delegations come from: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Portugal and the UK. All of the children have been working on the issue of poverty and social exclusion in their home countries and come from organizations working with disadvantaged children and/or those that promote children&amp;rsquo;s participation. The results of the event will be presented at the Belgian Presidency conference on child poverty and well-being, which takes place in Marche-en-Famenne 2-3rd September 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;: 16/07/10: Young ambassadors conclude meeting on child poverty.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During the past week three priority areas were identified by the children and young people that gathered in Brussels. The three key messages are: listen to children, social inclusion, and equality in access to education, transport, health and other services. They emphasize that decisions about the best interests of children cannot be taken without asking children themselves what they think. &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More information can be found on the &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.eurochild.org/index.php?id=208&amp;amp;tx_ttnews[tt_news]=531&amp;amp;tx_ttnews[backPid]=185&amp;amp;cHash=95a4d88b4453f364fc4347be2067100c&quot;&gt;Eurochild website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>9/07/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Health inequalities in the UK</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Research by the National Audit Office shows a gap of approximately two years between the life expectancies in rich and poor areas of the UK. In the poorest areas, a boy born between 2006 and 2008 has a life expectancy of 75,8 years. A girl is expected to live for 80,4 years. The national average life expectancy is 77,9 years for boys and 82 years for girls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The overall life expectancy in the UK is improving, but at a slower rate in the poorest areas, despite efforts by the Government to reduce the gap. Health inequalities are long-standing and therefore difficult to change. It&amp;rsquo;s not just about involving the health system, but requires attention from various other policy areas (education, employment, housing,&amp;hellip;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire report by the NAO can be accessed &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/1011/health_inequalities.aspx&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>8/07/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Infant and young child nutrition</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The sixty-third World Health Assembly called upon its Member States, the Director-General and food manufacturers and distributors to take their responsibilities in the fight against malnutrition. To reach the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 it is necessary to increase the political commitment to fight malnutrition. Furthermore, the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes must be implemented, policies and legislation must be developed or strengthened, the WHO Child Growth Standards must be transposed and inappropriate food promotion of children must be ended (according to the Codex Alimentarius). The Director-General must therefore improve the evidence-base, strengthen the collaboration of UN agencies and mainstream nutrition in all WHO policies. Finally, a comprehensive implementation plan on infant and young child nutrition as a critical component of a global multisectoral nutrition framework should be developed and discussed at the Sixty-fourth World Health Assembly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another resolution on nutrition with a specific focus on marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverages to children was adopted during the meeting on the 21st of May as well. Since inappropriate marketing might contribute to the rise of non-communicable diseases through unhealthy diet Member States and the Director-General are required to act to control marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverages for children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The World Health Assembly furthermore discussed the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals on health and demanded from Member States to renew their commitment to prevent and eliminate maternal, newborn and child mortality and morbidity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information and further topics of the assembly please click &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2010/wha_closes_20100521/en/index.html&quot; title=&quot;World Health Assembly&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>26/05/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Air pollution affects children&amp;#39;s mental ability</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;A new study by the Columbia Center for Children&amp;#39;s Environmental Health performed in Cracow confirmed previous findings from New York. The exposure to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), produced the burning of fossil fuels for transport and heating and for energy production, can lead to lower levels of thinking and reasoning skills in children. All mothers were healthy non-smokers but exposed to PAHs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The findings on lower mental ability due to prenatal exposure to PAHs is a further evidence linking ambient air pollution levels and adverse health effects in children. This should be a new impulse for public health policies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The article can be accessed &lt;a href=&quot;http://ec.europa.eu/research/headlines/news/article_10_05_10_en.html&quot; title=&quot;air pollution&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>12/05/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Health inequalities in the early years</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The Growing Up in Scotland Study tracks the lives of 8000 children annually from the early years, through childhood to their teenage years. It started in 2005 and is now in the second phase (2008-2013).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recently four new reports were published.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The report on health inequalities in the early years highlights the link between the impact of early exposure to risks and negative outcomes in later life. Disadvantaged households are therefore considered as experiencing a double burden with regard to inequalities since both children and adults are at greater risk. A successful approach should thus be inclusive for both children and their wider families. It is important that enhancing resilience alone cannot be a solution for the reduction of health inequalities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to the &amp;#39;Circumstances of Persistently Poor Children Summary Report&amp;#39; 24% of all children aged 3 to 4 are living in persistent poverty. Poverty rates are dependent on the children&amp;#39;s background circumstances. Particularly, parental unemployment is an important influential factor. However, other factors like maternal health and family composition should not be neglected. Tailored support is essential.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another report found maternal health as being influential for children&amp;#39;s health outcomes. The decreased responsiveness of mentally ill mothers might worsen the child&amp;#39;s attachment to the mother. Consequences might be adverse emotional, behavioural and cognitive outcomes for children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, research was done at children&amp;rsquo;s social, emotional and behavioural characteristics at entry to primary school. The majority of Scottish children was found to be normal at entry to school. However, up to 21% was found to have difficulties. A relation was made between early health problems and developmental delays to behavioural outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you are interested in these reports please consult &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Growing Up in Schottland Study&quot; href=&quot;http://www.crfr.ac.uk/gus/&quot;&gt;this website.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>5/05/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>A glass half-full</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;The recently published report by the Improvement and Development Agency (IDeA) emphasizes the advantages of an asset based approach to promote community networks, build social capital and empower citizens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The advantages of an asset approach are described as giving a positive value to the skills and potential of a community rather than focusing on the problems and deficiencies. This however requires a shift in attitude and the willingness to share power. A basis for a transfer of knowledge and leadership that supports the building of communities must be created.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The report offers practical guidance for community workers and practitioners how to apply the asset-based approach by a set of structured techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The report can be accessed &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.idea.gov.uk/idk/aio/18410498&quot; title=&quot;asset approach&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>30/04/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Decline in maternal mortality</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;A new study by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington shows that the number of deaths that are related to pregnancy decreased from more than 500,000 deaths per year in 1980 to 343,000 deaths in 2008. This constitutes an annual decline of about 1.4% since 1990. It is a big progress into the direction of Millennium Development Goal 5, particularly made by many developing countries. These numbers might give reason for cautious optimism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, many countries are still not on track and might not meet the MDG 5 by 2015. Still 80% of all maternal deaths are concentrated in just 21 countries. Additionally, the HIV epidemic gives cause for serious concern. Nearly 20% of all maternal deaths are related to this epidemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information about this study, please consult &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/resources/news/2010/maternal_deaths_fall_0410.html&quot; title=&quot;Decline maternal mortality&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;this website.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since many countries are not likely to reach the MDGs the European Commission launched a new action plan for more commitment on these targets. More information can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://equitychannel.net/blog/european-commission-wants-stronger-commitment-to-mdg-targets&quot; title=&quot;MDGs&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>28/04/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Spanish Presidency </title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;During the informal meeting&amp;nbsp;&amp;quot;Equality in health care, monitoring of determining social factors and reducing inequalities in health care&amp;quot; of the EU health ministers, which took place in Madrid the 22nd and 23rd of April the European Commissioner for Health, John Dalli, highlighted the need for a better health infrastructure. Since inequalities between the EU Member States remain to exist he proposed using the European Structural Funds to intervene. Furthermore, the Spanish Minister for Health and Social Policy, Trinidad Jim&amp;eacute;nez, emphasized the need to concentrate on the social and economic determinants of health. He urges for a reduction of the inequalities in health care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Ministry of Health and Social Policy of Spain published a draft report on health equity. It is called &amp;#39;Moving Forward Equity in Health: Monitoring Social Determinants in Health and the Reduction of Health Inequalities&amp;#39; and it mentions and describes the DETERMINE&amp;nbsp;and the GRADIENT projects of EuroHealthNet. If you are interested in the report, please consult &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Report health equity&quot; href=&quot;http://www.msps.es/en/presidenciaUE/calendario/conferenciaExpertos/docs/haciaLaEquidadEnSalud.pdf&quot;&gt;this website.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>28/04/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Science Against Poverty Conference</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;This conference took place on the 8th and 9th of April 2010 and formed part of the events during the six-month Spanish Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The conference brought together 300 international experts from academia and business, as well as from research organizations and political bodies, with the aim to develop recommendations on how European and national R &amp;amp; D and technological innovation can be set up and adapted to reflect the responsible commitment of scientific programmes in the fight against poverty and social exclusion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Science and innovation already have the answers to some of the policy questions regarding social exclusion and poverty, and in other cases they hold the promise of being able to provide answers. Unfortunately, those answers are not always generated, and when they are, they do not always find their way into policy. Researchers do not always have incentives to focus on this type of research and research outcomes are not always tailored to impact policies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A researcher of the GRADIENT project attended the conference and participated in several sessions and workshops.The different sessions discussed for example the value of social and economic sciences and the humanities to give insight into the motives of people in taking up policy measures and explaining why certain policies work and others do not. This included policy measures targeted at social determinants of health. It also highlighted the need for change in the European Research Area , the usefulness of setting up regional policy monitoring institutes and the need for authorities to enforce systematic policy evaluation. Furthermore, useful insights were given into indicators and monitoring of several social determinants of health, the EU-SILC survey and into randomized design for evaluations of public health policies and economic evaluations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The outcomes&amp;nbsp; will be presented by the Spanish Minister for Science and Innovation, Ms. Garmendiaoutcomes at the Competitiveness Council on 22 May.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Further information can be found on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scienceagainstpoverty.com/Publico/Programme/index.aspx?idioma=en&quot; title=&quot;Science Against Poverty&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;this website.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>28/04/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Promoting Health and Equity Week</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;EuroHealthNet held its &amp;quot;Promoting Health and Equity Week&amp;quot; from 22nd to 26th of March. It served as a platform for interesting and fruitful discussions. Challenging presentations were given and new research was presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a main event the DETERMINE final conference was held at the Spanish Representation. The DETERMINE partners met with members of EU institutions, professionals of the field and the EU High Level Expert Group on Health Inequalities to discuss the DETERMINE&amp;nbsp;recommendations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For more information about the DETERMINE&amp;nbsp;final conference and to see all presentations please consult &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Presentations DETERMINE&quot; href=&quot;http://www.health-inequalities.eu/?uid=1feb0b93cc6bca6ee2999bab8c6e0df6&amp;amp;id=Seite3704&quot;&gt;this website.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During this week the conference &amp;ldquo;Equity, sustainability and well-being: how can better health help Europe 2020?&amp;rdquo; took place. In the workshops and debates many challenges were identified. There is a need for choosing the right political arguments for health and well-being. Furthermore, the impetus for change arising in the context of the economic crisis was discussed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you are interested to get more information, the presentations of this event can be found &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Presentations Equity week&quot; href=&quot;http://www.eurohealthnet.eu/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=blogcategory&amp;amp;id=205&amp;amp;Itemid=247&quot;&gt;here. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The GRADIENT team participated in this week and during the General Assembly of EuroHealthNet a presentation was given by Aagje Ieven, the Research Coordinator of the GRADIENT&amp;nbsp;project.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, there is an Equity Channel Policy Pr&amp;eacute;cis &amp;ndash; series of policy briefings. The GRADIENT team collaborate with the Equity Channel in developing a&amp;nbsp; Policy Pr&amp;eacute;cis on early child development which can be accessed &lt;a href=&quot;http://equitychannel.net/uploads/Equity%20Channel%20Policy%20Precis%20-Early%20Child%20Development.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Policy Precis&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>14/04/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Working for Inclusion</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;This two-year European programme wants to encourage the debate between national and local governments and amongst early years practitioners. It will be used to develop and strengthen a model for excellence in early years education across Europe. It aims on examining how an improvement of skills and qualities of those working with young children might help to reduce poverty and how it can enhance social inclusion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to get more information about the project, please consult this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.childreninscotland.org.uk/wfi/index.htm&quot; title=&quot;Children in Schotland&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To support this aim and to give you the possibility to have a say and to discuss, a dedicated webspace has been created.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you play a part in the early years workforce and want to join the webspace you can enter it &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.knowledge.scot.nhs.uk/wfi.aspx&quot; title=&quot;Children in Schotland webspace&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>30/03/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>The Biology of Disadvantage</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;How exactly does socioeconomic status &amp;quot;get in to the body&amp;quot; and affect health? This was the central question being asked by the &lt;em&gt;New York Academy of Science &lt;/em&gt;who dedicated their journal&amp;#39;s February 2010 issue to the&amp;nbsp;exploration of the link between socioeconomic status and health. In a preface to &lt;strong&gt;The Biology of Disadvantage: Socioeconomic Status and Health&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Volume 1186&lt;/em&gt;)&amp;nbsp; Adler &amp;amp; Stewart (editors) write that until recently few studies have directly tested the pathways and mechanisms that contribute to the gradient relationship between socioeconomic status and health. The scientific research presented in the issue captures where the field stands after 10 years of intense research into the mechanisms of health disparities. It also illustrates the power of a multidisciplinary approach to complex social issues. Most importantly, the issue presents potential applications of the accumulated knowledge for social interventions and raises pragmatic issues that are important to consider when science gets translated into policy and interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;A list of featured articles:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Health Disparities across the lifespan: Meaning, methods &amp;amp; mechanisms &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(&lt;/em&gt;Adler, N.E. &amp;amp; Stewart, J.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Socioeconomic gradients in health in international and historical context&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;(Dow, W.I. &amp;amp; Rehkopf, D.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Childhood socioeconomic status and adult health&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;(Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., Chen, E. &amp;amp; Matthews, K.A.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Money, schooling and health: Mechanisms and causal evidence&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Kawachi, I., Adler, N.E. &amp;amp; Dow, W.I.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Race, Socioeconomic status and health: Complexities, ongoing challenges, and research opportunities &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;(Williams, D.A., Mohammad, S.A. &amp;amp; Collins, C.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Work and its role in shaping the social gradient in health &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;(Clougherty, J.E., Souza, K. &amp;amp; Cullen, M.R.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Neighborhoods and health&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;(Diez Roux, A.V. &amp;amp; Mair, C.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Are psychosocial factors mediators of socioeconomic status and health connections? A progress report and blueprint for the future&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;(Matthews, K., Gallo, L. &amp;amp; Taylor, S.E.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Multiple risk exposure as a potential explanatory mechanism for the socioeconomic status-health gradient &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;(Evans, G.W. &amp;amp; Kim, P.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: Links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;(McEwen, B.S. &amp;amp; Gianaros, P.J.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Socio-economic differentials in peripheral biology : Cumulative allostatic load &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;(Seeman, T., Epel, E., Gruenewald, T., Karlamangla, A. &amp;amp; McEwen, B.S.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evaluating the evidence base: Policies and interventions to address socioeconomic status gradients in health&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;(Dow, W.H., Schoeni, R.F., Adler, N.E. &amp;amp; Stewart, J.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Using team science to address health disparities: MacArthur network as a case example&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;(Adler, N.E. &amp;amp; Stewart, J.)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;The articles can be accessed &lt;a title=&quot;Wiley Science&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123291860/issue?CRETRY=1&amp;amp;SRETRY=0&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can also take part in the &amp;#39;Biology of Disadvantage&amp;#39; discussion by joining &lt;em&gt;the Equity Channel&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Community&lt;/em&gt; over &lt;a title=&quot;Equity Channel&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.equitychannel.net/get-involved&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>12/03/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>EU agrees to extend parental leave</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The revised directive has been adopted in an effort to improve work-life balance and to encourage fathers to take leave after the birth of a child. A joint agreement on family leave was already signed last year by the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), the European Centre for Employers and Enterprises Providing Public Services (CEEP) and BusinessEurope.&amp;nbsp;The new rules will be applicable to all employees in all EU Member States and to all types of contract, as an important means of reconciling professional and family responsibilites, as well as promoting equal opportunities and treatment between men and women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;According to the WHO parental leave is an important part of improving overall health and well-being. Both government and legislative support are needed in the balancing of work and private life, especially in terms of taking care of children. These measures of support include the provision of quality childcare facilities, policies on flexible working hours and parental leave for both men and women. The new directive ascertains that the right to this extended parental leave applies equally to all people working on a fixed contract, regardless of the nature of the work (part-time, full-time, temporary work).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More information and a link to the full EU Directive on parental leave can be found &lt;a title=&quot;Equity Channel&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.equitychannel.net/blog/new-eu-agreement-on-extended-parental-leave&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>12/03/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>Language skills lag a year behind in poorest children</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;A recent study conducted in Britain found out that children from the poorest homes are almost a year behind middle class pupils by the time they start school. The Sutton Trust study looked at the results of a series of vocabulary tests carried out by 12,500 British children at the age of five. The study also looked at the factors common to poorer children that might influence their development; results indicated that just under half of those from the poorest fifth of families were born to younger mothers under 25. And just under two-thirds did not live with both biological parents. Some of the factors that are capable of &amp;#39;boosting&amp;#39; children&amp;#39;s development were missing: parents from poorer conditions did not demonstrate &amp;quot;sensitive parental behavior&amp;quot; such as ensuring regular bedtimes, or reading aloud to their child.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;According to the study, better parenting could significantly reduce the achievement gap between middle-income and poor families by up to nine months. According to the Sutton Trust chairman Sir Peter Lampl, the findings of the study were both shocking and encouraging - revealing the stark educational disadvantage experienced by children from poorer homes before they reached school. But it also showed the potential for good parenting to overcome some of the negative impacts that poverty could have on children&amp;#39;s early development. The results of the study call for a more effective early years strategy that would prevent greater numbers of children from disadvantaged backgrounds &amp;quot;falling behind their more fortunate peers&amp;quot; before school has even begun.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;[Source: &lt;a title=&quot;BBC World&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;www.bbcworld.com&quot;&gt;BBC World News&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Baby tests bring hope for slow learners&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;According to another study conducted in London University&amp;#39;s Institute of Education, monitoring the development of babies&amp;#39; motor skills could help identify those who will need help with learning in their preschool years. The study assessed the gross motor skills of 15,000 British children, such as crawling, as well as fine motor skills, such as the ability to hold objects at the age of nine months. According to the results, babies who failed to reach milestones were more likely to have learning and behavior problems at the age of five. It was found that delay in gross and fine motor development in a child&amp;#39;s first year, which affects about one in 10 children, was significantly associated with delayed cognitive development at age five. This finding confirms the importance of screening for developmental delay before the first birthday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The results also revealed that at age five there was a gap in ability between children who were growing up in persistent poverty and those growing up in families that had never received means-tested benefits; this difference was equal to the difference between the middle of the ability range and the top of the bottom quarter. However, a good mother-child relationship was found to significantly benefit the cognitive and behavioral development of children in poorer families.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;[Source: &lt;a title=&quot;BBC World News&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;www.bbcworld.com&quot;&gt;BBC World News]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>18/02/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>New report: Strategic review of health inequalities in England</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Stategic Review of health inequalities in England post 2010 &lt;/strong&gt;(Marmot Review) follows the publication of the global Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). The CSDH advocated that national governments develop and implement strategies and policies suited to their particular national context aimed at improving health equity. The English review is a response to that recommendation and to the government&amp;#39;s commitment to reducing health inequalities in England.The aim of the Review is to propose an evidence based strategy for reducing health inequalities from 2010, including policies and interventions that address the social determinants of health inequalities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The review had four tasks: First of all to identify the evidence most relevant to underpinning future policy and action; to show how this evidence could be translated into practice; to advise on possible objectives and measures, building on the experince of the current targets on infant mortality and life expectancy; and finally, to publish a report of the review&amp;#39;s work that will contribute to the development of a post-2010 health inequalities strategy. Thus, it is anticipated that the Review will also have relevance for other countries developing strategies aimed at tackling health inequalities, following the recommendations of the CSDH.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;One of the main Recommendations of the Review is to create conditions for people to take control over their own lives. &lt;u&gt;According to the review &lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;giving every child the best start in life should be the highest strategic priority&lt;/u&gt;. What happens during early years has lifelong effects on many aspects of health and well-being from obesity, heart disease and mental health, to educational achievement and economic status. Later interventions, although important, are considerably less effective where good early foundations are lacking. That is why the Review proposes a rebalancing of public spending towards the early years, more parenting support programmes, a well trained early years work force and high quality early years care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;For more information and relevant documents, please consult the following website: &lt;a title=&quot;Marmot Review&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ucl.ac.uk/gheg/marmotreview&quot;&gt;UCL (Marmot Review)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>18/02/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>New Survey calls for action to ban the institutionalisation of children</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Europe&amp;#39;s children in care - is there a role for the EU? This is the question asked in a first ever survey to compare the situation in 30 European countries on children in alternative care. This is the first time such a comprehensive survey, covering the 26 EU Member States, has ever been compiled. And the results speak for themselves; approximately 1% of children in the EU (roughly one million children) are living in alternative care, including residential, community and family-based care.&amp;nbsp; Although placements of this kind are usually recognized as a last resort, the number of children in institutions is currently rising in a number of EU countries. Furthermore, evidence shows that the practice of placing young children in institutional care subjects them to difficulties in brain development and could cause irreversible damage. Care statistics have indicated heavy over-representation of certain vulnerable groups, and the institutionalisation of children with disabilities has proven to be a source of concern in a number of EU countries. Poverty and material deprivation have alarmingly emerged as one of the main underlying causes; despite the lack of data surrounding the links between poverty, social exclusion and the placement of children, it is clear that poverty often features in the decisions that result in placement. There is clear evidence to indicate, that children who have been in care are more likely to end up homeless and to commit crimes. In addition to this, they are also more likely to have children before the age of 20 themselves and to have their own children taken into care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;We know the root cause for many children entering the care system is poverty and social exclusion. High level political commitment to end child poverty must mobilise more resources for early intervention and prevention, strengthening families and access to quality services.&amp;quot; - Jana Hainsworth, Eurochild&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Eurochild is calling for action against child poverty by launching its &amp;#39;Stop Child Poverty Now!&amp;#39; campaign within the framework of the European Year 2010 against poverty and social exclusion. In order to resolve the issue with child poverty and alternative care, there is a need for EU leadership to adopt common definitions and improve the collection of comparable data on children in alternative care. Eurochild also calls for immediate action to support the de-institutionalisation of children, a ban on the institutionalisation of babies (0-3 years), greater emphasis on training and recognition of the children&amp;#39;s workforce, political commitment to end child poverty, and support for the application of the UN guidelines for the alternative care of children across all EU Member States. Direct involvement of children, young people and their families is needed, both in the decision-making&amp;nbsp; processes that affect them directly as well as in the development&amp;nbsp; of alternative care policies and services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;For more information, please consult the &lt;a title=&quot;Eurochild&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;www.eurochild.org&quot;&gt;Eurochild&lt;/a&gt; website.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>29/01/2010</pubDate>
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			<title>GRADIENT presented at International Collaboration Workshop in Sweden</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The GRADIENT project was presented by Dr. Elisabeth Fosse of the University of Bergen during the International Workshop on Internation Collaboration in Gothenburg, Sweden on 4th and 5th November 2009. The presentation titled &lt;em&gt;Reducing Social Inequality in Health among Children and Families - an Intersectoral Challenge &lt;/em&gt;gave a general introduction of the aims and objectives of the GRADIENT project in its entirety, while specific emphasis was placed on the research area of comparative policy analysis (Work Package 5).The aim of Work Package 5 is to compare policies in different countries (England, Slovenia, Sweden and The Netherlands, respectively) representing different welfare state regimes so that national policies targeted at &amp;quot;at risk&amp;quot; families and children may be better mapped and monitored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The presentation also covered the following topic areas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Aims and objectives of the Gradient project&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The concept of Social gradient&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Promotion of social equity in health among families and children&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Inter-sectoral collaboration at the national policy level&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Inter-sectoral challenges&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Forms of integration (horizontal and vertical)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Theoretical Approaches&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The presentation can be found here in &lt;a title=&quot;Publications&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot; href=&quot;http://www.health-gradient.eu/?web_language=EN&amp;amp;web_sitename=GRADIENT&amp;amp;record=17083&amp;amp;record1=&amp;amp;record2=&amp;amp;INTRO_OK=INTRO_OK&quot;&gt;the Publications section.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>9/12/2009</pubDate>
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			<title>Meetings for WP 3 &amp; 4 held in Brussels</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;GRADIENT partners gathered in Brussels for two whole day meetings on 26th and 27th of November, 2009, to discuss social capital as a protective factor in child health and the reasons for the differential impact of public health policies on children and families different SES groups. High on the agenda were the literature reviews currently being carried out. To ensure coherence across reviews carried out in the context of GRADIENT review protocols, data extraction forms and quality assessment tools were discussed and a framework for policy analysis was further developed to be used across workpackages.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;This was the first meeting on differential impact of policies (W3) and the second on social capital (WP4) as a protective factor. The next meeting for WP4 will focus on the secondary data analysis on the relation between community social capital and child and adolescent health to be carried out during spring and will take place in Brussels in March (during EuroHealthNet&amp;rsquo;s Health Equity week, see agenda). The next meeting for WP3 will focus on the interview guide and the focus groups to be held to generate hypothesis as to the differential effects t of policies, and will take place at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm in September 2010.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>4/12/2009</pubDate>
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			<title>First meeting on Comparative Policy Analysis held in Bergen</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The first WP5 meeting in Bergen, Norway (9-10 November) saw the gathering of collaborating partners from a variety of countries as objectives for the coming months were discussed. The main goals for the work package on Comparative Policy Analysis include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;bull; The mapping of general national policies for families and children, and policies targeted at &amp;ldquo;at risk&amp;rdquo; families and children in selected countries.&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; The comparison of policies in a number of countries that represent different welfare state regimes.&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; The exploration of how different policies work together in preventing families and children from falling into poverty or ill-health.&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; The investigation of what impacts universal and targeted policies have in terms of reducing social inequalities and the social gradient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In terms of the existing welfare policies targeted at children and families, the main objective for the WP will be a collective case study of four different European countries: Norway, England, The Netherlands and Slovenia respectively. The aim of these country specific case studies will be to study the development of policies at a national level, especially in regards to policies related to children and families, and will be analyzed from the perspective of disadvantaged families dealing with social and/or health problems. The data for the case study will be collected in the form of an extensive literature review on European welfare policies (targeted at families and children), a document search on relevant policies in the four countries to be studied, and interviews with relevant policymakers in these countries. The different types of welfare policies in the four European countries will be examined, analyzed, compared and contrasted by the researchers (in terms of policy priorities, policy tools and implementation strategies). The WP specific tasks will include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;bull; A Literature Review on European welfare policies for children and families.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;bull; A Written Report based on results from document analysis on cases.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;bull; A Written Report based on results from the interview study.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;bull; Interim recommendations for European action on how to secure health and welfare for children and families based on all case studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;During the first Work Package meeting the collaborating partners discussed the description of work, agreed on the scope and approach of the literature review, and on the tasks of the different partners in conducting the document search. The necessity of collabortation between different strands of Gradient work became clear during a brainstorming session and discussion on a draft framework for the analysis of policy documents, based on the proposals for comparative policy analysis and work already done in three other work packages. This draft framework will be used also in analyzing &lt;a title=&quot;EU policies overview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.health-gradient.eu/GRADIENT/EN/publications/&quot;&gt;the overview of EU policies&lt;/a&gt;, as well as in the work currently being carried out in WP3 on the unintended differential impacts of public health policies among families with various socio-economic backgrounds.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>18/11/2009</pubDate>
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			<title>Recent publications on child health and wellbeing</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) &lt;/strong&gt;has issued a report serving as guidance on promoting the social and emotional wellbeing of young people in secondary education. It is well&amp;nbsp;acknowledged that young people undergo numerous physical and emotional changes between the ages of 11 and 19, however, recent repports suggest that one in ten young people are unhappy at school and over a third are worried about being bullied. According to Professor Mike Kelly, Director for Public Health Excellence Center &amp;quot;the social and emotional wellbeing of young people is important in their development, not only in terms of their ability to learn and achieve at school, but it can also help protect children against poor physical health, emotional and behavioural problems, violence and crime, teenage pregnancy and the misuse of drugs and alcohol&amp;quot;. The new guidance on social and emotional wellbeing in secondary education outlines how education providers and service commissioners can help protect and nurture young people by providing a friendly, supportive environment that meets their social and emotional needs. Link to publication: &lt;a title=&quot;NICE&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nice.org.uk/newsroom/pressreleases/press_releases.jsp?domedia=1&amp;amp;mid=E140B3AC-19B9-E0B5-D425980F177A0E43&quot;&gt;NICE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The organisation for economic&amp;nbsp;co-operation and development&amp;nbsp;(OECD)&lt;/strong&gt; has released a publication titled&lt;em&gt; Doing Better for Children &lt;/em&gt;as the well-being of children is high on the policy agenda across OECD. The report aims to answer questions regarding&amp;nbsp;today&amp;#39;s actual state of child wellbeing by tackling a range of topic areas from government finances to social and family policies. The document presents a child wellbeing framework and compares outcome indicators for children in OECD countries across six dimensions including material wellbeing, housing and environment, education, health, risk behaviours and quality of school life. Policy recommendations for child wellbeing are also included. Link to Publication: &lt;a title=&quot;OECD&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nice.org.uk/newsroom/pressreleases/press_releases.jsp?domedia=1&amp;amp;mid=E140B3AC-19B9-E0B5-D425980F177A0E43&quot;&gt;OECD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UNICEF&amp;#39;&lt;/strong&gt;s latest addition to the Innocenti Social Monitor 2009 - series is a report examining the evolving and diverging challenges for the well-being of children in&amp;nbsp;the fast-changing regions of Central and Eastern Europe. &lt;em&gt;Child wellbeing at a crossroads: evolving challenges in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States&lt;/em&gt; provides a comprehensive overview of the decade up to 2008 and discusses monitoring and data challenges as Innocenti aims to help support and guide policy debate and decisions in a period of economic crisis. Policy makers are encouraged to have a greater focus on child wellbeing according to human rights principles and to promote social inclusion, to support those children who are most in need and also, to give all children the opportunity to develop to their full potential. UNICEF is also looking forward to the forthcoming publication of &lt;em&gt;Children in Migrant Families in eight Affluent Countries: Their Family, national and international context. &lt;/em&gt;The forthcoming report will be first of its kind to present internationally comparable statistics on the size and family circumstances of children living in immigrant families in eight affluent countries. Link to publications: &lt;a title=&quot;UNICEF&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.unicef-irc.org/cgi-bin/unicef/featured_down.sql?Quantity=40&amp;amp;ShowFound=N&quot;&gt;UNICEF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>23/10/2009</pubDate>
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			<title>European Commission releases communication on health inequalities</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The European Commission has launched a communication concerning the extent of health inequalities between people living in different parts of the European Union: &lt;em&gt;Solidarity in Health &amp;ndash; Reducing Health Inequalities in the EU &lt;/em&gt;is directly targeting the challenges that health inequalities are currently imposing on EU&amp;rsquo;s commitments to solidarity, social and economic cohesion, human rights and equality of opportunity. Although the average level of health in the EU has continued to improve over the last decades, differences in health within and between different parts of the continent, including the most advantaged and most disadvantaged sections of the population, have remained substantial and in certain instances even increased. For example, men in certain parts of the EU can expect to live 14 years less than their counterparts in other parts of the continent, and there still exists a 5-fold difference in deaths of babies under the age of one.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The commission is determined to support and complement Member States and other stakeholders in their efforts to tackle health inequalities as large disparities in health are not only found between states, but also between regions, rural and urban areas, and neighborhoods. The current problems and barriers in taking action against inequalities are largely caused by the following circumstances: First of all, there is a lack of awareness and insufficient policy priority by Member States and stakeholders; second of all, there is absence of comparable and regular data, no sufficient monitoring or reporting and a lack of knowledge on the determinants of inequalities and on the effective policies to implement; and finally, there is deficiency&amp;nbsp;of mainstreaming at the EU level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;There exist a number of important challenges which must be addressed in order to strengthen existing action against health inequalities and the Commission is proposing action on the following key areas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Raising awareness, promoting information and policy coordination as a priority.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Improving data availability and the mechanisms of measuring and monitoring.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Developing the contribution of relevant EU policies, including support for further development and collection of data by age, gender, socio-economic status and geographic dimension.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Developing ways to engage relevant stakeholders at European level to promote the uptake and dissemination of good practice.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Developing actions and tools on professional training to address health inequalities using the Health Programme, ESF and other mechanisms.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Encouraging Member States to further use the existing options under the EU rural development policy and to support vulnerable groups and rural areas with high needs.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Tackling health inequalities is undoubtedly a long term process - thus the actions in the Communication are intended to lay the framework for sustained future action in the area. The Commission aims at working in close partnership with Member Sates and stakeholders in the coming period and a first progress report on the situation can be expected in 2012.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Clive Needle, director of EuroHealthNet (the leading EU organisation working to address inequalities in health) has congratulated the European Commission on the launch of the communication and issued a press release describing this action as&amp;nbsp;&amp;quot;timely&amp;quot; as well as &amp;quot;an important practical step forward for better health and well-being for all&amp;quot;. The press release including other relevant information can be found on the following link: &lt;a title=&quot;EuroHealthNet&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.eurohealthnet.eu/images/Flashnews/eurohealthnet%20press%20release.pdf&quot;&gt;EuroHealthNet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>21/10/2009</pubDate>
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			<title>GRADIENT presented at European Health Forum Gastein</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The GRADIENT project has been well represented at this year&amp;#39;s European Health Forum Gastein, which took place between 30th September and 3rd October in Badhofgastein, Austria. This year the conference, which aims to create a better future for health in Europe, drew special attention to the impact of the financial crisis and subsequent economic recession on health and health care, with participants expressing particular concern over the effects that the&amp;nbsp;financial&amp;nbsp;crisis could potentially&amp;nbsp;have on European health care systems. Following the Gastein tradition this year&amp;#39;s conference saw senior decision makers from various fields (including policy and administration, business, industry, research and civil society) discussing the impact of the crisis as well as assessing future opportunities in terms of health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The GRADIENT project was initially represented at a poster session and later on presented along with the DETERMINE project during a joint parallel forum session titled: &lt;em&gt;Tackling Health inequalities in Europe - EU Policy and research - Closing the gap.&lt;/em&gt; The forum session in question was particularly concerned with the European Commission&amp;#39;s projects that are contributing to the health inequalities debate, and similar projects presented at the event included EUROCADET, IDEFICS, DETERMINE, HELENA, EARNEST and the European Disability Forum. The GRADIENT project was thoroughly presented by EuroHealthNet&amp;#39;s programme manager Caroline Costongs who introduced the project&amp;#39;s background and framework, explained its policy messages, posed relevant research questions as well as welcomed new suggestions, and encouraged participants for future collaborations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The presentation in its entirety can be found here at &lt;a title=&quot;Publications&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot; href=&quot;http://www.health-gradient.eu/?web_language=EN&amp;amp;web_sitename=GRADIENT&amp;amp;record=17083&amp;amp;record1=&amp;amp;record2=&amp;amp;INTRO_OK=INTRO_OK&quot;&gt;the Publications section.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>12/10/2009</pubDate>
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			<title>First project outcome: An Overview of recent EU policy developments</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;EuroHealthNet has succeeded in compiling an extensive report concerning&amp;nbsp;the European Union&amp;#39;s&amp;nbsp;approach towards young people and their health. This overview of recent policy developments affecting children and young people&amp;#39;s health at EU level takes into account developments that have&amp;nbsp;taken place&amp;nbsp;within the last ten years. The aim of the report is to present an overview of existing EU policies that affect or could possibly&amp;nbsp;affect the health of Europe&amp;#39;s children and young people. The report itself was&amp;nbsp;especially compiled within the framework of the GRADIENT research project.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The report discusses policy documents divided over eight policy areas, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;education, training and youth&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;public health&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;consumers&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;food and agriculture&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;employment and social policy&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;human rights&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;justice, freedom and security&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;research&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;In addition to this&amp;nbsp;a number of documents from other bodies (most notably the WHO regional office for Europe) were included in a separate section because of their added value in the field of children and young people&amp;#39;s health in Europe. However, the report does not present, nor does it aim to present an exhaustive overview of all EU policies dealing with the health of children and young people, but only includes policies considered as most relevant from 2000 onwards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;Information was collected mainly via official EU sources, such as websites of the Commission and the different DG&amp;#39;s (Directorate Generals), EURLEX (Official legislation) and WHO online sources. The policy overview includes only written policies, that is, policies that have been documented and published, and does not take into account any non-written policies, such as projects funded by the EU. It does, however, include a number of reports, pacts and conferences which were thought to be relevant to the topic because they illustrate the EU&amp;#39;s involvement in issues related to children and young people&amp;#39;s health.&amp;nbsp;For the same reasons some proposals for legislation were also included as they illustrate EU&amp;#39;s concern in a particular field and indicate that action is on its way.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;The aim of this overview is to serve as a stocktaking exercise as to which policies currently exist at the EU level, and as a future basis for policy analysis and formulation of recommendations on the EU level based on the evidence generated by the GRADIENT project.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.health-gradient.eu/?web_language=EN&amp;amp;web_sitename=GRADIENT&amp;amp;record=17083&amp;amp;record1=&amp;amp;record2=&amp;amp;INTRO_OK=INTRO_OK&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;Publications: &amp;#39;The EU&amp;#39;s approach towards young people and their health&amp;#39;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!-- AddThis Button BEGIN --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;a class=&amp;quot;addthis_button&amp;quot; href=&amp;quot;http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&amp;amp;amp;pub=xa-4acf45651ca0920c&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;http://s7.addthis.com/static/btn/v2/lg-share-en.gif&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;125&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;16&amp;quot; alt=&amp;quot;Bookmark and Share&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;border:0&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;script type=&amp;quot;text/javascript&amp;quot; src=&amp;quot;http://s7.addthis.com/js/250/addthis_widget.js#pub=xa-4acf45651ca0920c&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/script&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lt;!-- AddThis Button END --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>5/10/2009</pubDate>
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			<title>First meeting on evaluation frameworks in Brighton</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Under the lead of Prof. John Kenneth Davies and Dr. Nigel Sherriff, both from the University of Brighton (Work Package Leader) participants discussed the future cooperation on the literature review and on the main deliverable of this WP - a European evaluation framework. The evaluation framework should help assess the impact of policies not only on the health and well-being of families and children from lower socio-economic groups but also the differential distribution effects amongst the entire population. The workpackage will identify and develop methodologies to evaluate:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Public health policies that comprise of a complex mix of interventions and programmes&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Specific health policy interventions (for example, smoking bans, nutrition programmes at schools, increased alcohol taxes, etc.)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Non-health policies that have a potential impact on health inequalities by influencing the determinants of health (for example in the education, employment, agricultural sectors etc)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A literature review will be undertaken to assess existing evaluation frameworks as well as existing methods of evaluation, and to explore which frameworks and methods might be adapted to the European context and the theoretical gradient model to be developed within this workpackage. Three workshops as well as a wider consultation of experts and policy makers via the Delphi method, will enable consensusbuilding on this gradient model for evaluation of policies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Participants discussed the role of partners in identifying national evaluation framework and methods, and the linkages with ongoing literature reviews on differential policy impact (Work Package 3) and comparative policy analysis (Work&amp;nbsp;Package 5).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The next WP2 meeting for all participants is scheduled for October 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;img height=&quot;225&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://members.smpweb.be/GRADIENT/_images/WP2mtg1.JPG&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Participants of the WP2 in Brighton&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>6/07/2009</pubDate>
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			<title>GRADIENT springs to life</title>
			<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;On June 22nd and 23rd, all GRADIENT project partners met&amp;nbsp; for the first time to kick off the project at EuroHealthNet&amp;acute;s office in Brussels. Under the lead of Caroline Costongs, Program Manager, and Aagje Ieven, Research Coordinator, the participants established a common direction concerning the content of the project and started discussing a glossary for the GRADIENT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The meeting was the first occasion for the consortium members to further discuss their collaboration and deliverables and milestones of the project. Work Package Leaders (Prof. John&amp;nbsp; Kenneth Davies from the University of Brighton for the European evaluation framework, Drs.Janine Vervoordeldonk from NIGZ, the Netherlands, for research on differential impact of policies, Prof. Lea Maes from the University of Ghent for research on protective factors and Prof. Elisabeth Fosse from the University of Bergen for&amp;nbsp; the comparative policy analysis) spoke about the aims and challenges of each Work Package. Prof. Richie Poulton from the University of Otago in New Zealand, member of the Scientific Advisory Board, presented research findings from theDunedin Study on how influences during early childhood determine health throughout the lifecourse. In the light of the findings he stressed the importance of early interventions which address not only children, but also parents and communities children live in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The meeting emphasized that GRADIENT is a single project with a common aim to deliver concrete results which can influence policies to better tackle the gradient in health amongst families and children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The next Project Steering Group meeting is scheduled for April 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;img height=&quot;267&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://members.smpweb.be/GRADIENT/_images/PSG1_1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px;&quot;&gt;Partners of the GRADIENT&amp;nbsp;projects during PSG1 meeting in Brussels&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;img height=&quot;267&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://members.smpweb.be/GRADIENT/_images/PSG1_2.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px;&quot;&gt;Prof. Richie Poulton &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;img height=&quot;300&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://members.smpweb.be/GRADIENT/_images/PSG1_3.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px;&quot;&gt;Coffee break&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;img height=&quot;267&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://members.smpweb.be/GRADIENT/_images/PSG1_4.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<author>http://www.health-gradient.eu</author>
			<pubDate>22/06/2009</pubDate>
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